Photography - Sum Up - Klimka

Everything on Taking Photos

Taking photo with an analog camera requires certain settings. Before photographing one needs to adjust shutter speed, the diaphragm and the ISO. The shutter speed is the interval at which the shutter opens to allow a specific amount of light to pass through and expose the film inside. The aperture diaphragm determines how far a lens is opened, which also regulates amount of light entering the camera and onto the film. The ISO is traditionally used to "tell the camera" the film speed of the selected film. The ISO is determined by the type of film one is using, therefore its set prior to taking photos and cannot be changed throughout the roll.

Other than settings, a photographer must also ensure he’s using the correct equipment. One significant tool is the lens. Camera lenses are made in a wide range of focal lengths. They range from wide angle, standard, and telephoto. Each lens is best suited for certain types of photography. For instance the wide angle may be preferred for architecture because it has the capacity to capture a wide view of a building. The normal lens, because it often has a wide aperture, is often used for street photography and the telephoto lens is useful for sports, and wildlife since it can capture things in motion, though it is also more susceptible to shakes.

When photographing, one adjusts the sharpness of an image by turning the focus ring. One should never attempt to force the focus ring when the camera is set in auto focusing mode. This may damage the camera. The depth of field should also be considered. This is the distance between the nearest and furthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image. A lens can precisely focus at only one distance at a time, and decrease in sharpness other parts of the image. In some cases, it may be desirable to have the entire image sharp, and a large DOF is appropriate. When one presses the button on an SLR camera, the mirror flips up exposing the film to the light coming through the lens.

Later through the use of chemicals – water, fixer and developer – the film can be developed and later the photos can be printed on paper either by scanning them into a computer or through traditionally using an enlarger.

Traditional Film Photography

The shutter speed is the effective time the shutter of the camera is open, in other words, the exposure time. The shutter speed typically ranges from 1 second to 1/1000 of a second. Shutter speed impacts the appearance of a moving object. The diaphragm helps control the amount of light that passes through the aperture. The aperture on traditional film cameras normally has the settings 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, and 22. The larger the number is, the smaller the aperture. The focusing ring is the part of the lens that allows you to adjust so that the image appears sharp. The film ISO is also known as the film speed. It is a measure of films sensitivity to light. The typical ISO ranges from 50 – 1600. Film with a lower speed index (insensitive) requires more exposure to light to produce the same image density as a more sensitive film. Basically, the higher the sensitivity, the grainier an image will be. A telephoto lens magnifies the images by "pulling" them closer to you. It makes distant objects seem closer than they are. A wide-angle lens is the opposite of the telephoto lens. It provides a broader viewing field than the human eye. A normal lens reproduces the perspective that looks natural to the human eye (neither an expanded or contracted field of view). For a 35 mm camera the most commonly used normal lens is 50 mm. Anything above 50 mm is telephoto and anything below is wide-angle.

JBIRD

On site class November Monday the 7th

On site class November Monday the 7th

WE ARE MEETING IN LARGO DEI FIORENTINI  AT 14:15 THEN WE MOVE TO VILLA BORGHESE.
+393285814408 CALL THIS NUMBER IF YOU GET LOST !

My photos

next level

Photos

Prego!

My photos

Next level

PICTURE OPPORTUNITIES

NOVEMBER 9TH . . WEDNESDAY


SIMONA LISI WHO IS AN ACTRESS WILL BE HERE IN CLASS


IF YOU ALL WOULD LIKE TO COME TAKE PICTURES OF HER YOU ARE ENCOURAGED TO DO SO ! 


THANK YOU 

WE ARE MEETING IN CLASS AND FROM HERE WE ARE LEAVING TO
+393285814408 CALL THIS NUMBER IF YOU GET LOST !

My Photos

Here are two of my most recent pictures taken from Passaggiata del Gionicolo. I have decided for my final project I will be trying to capture nature throughout Rome.

JBIRD

Monday, October the 24th Class

Dear students,

... I hope the weather will be good (enough)

The meeting point for on-site class in Villa Borghese will be in Largo dei Fiorentini at 14:15

We will move together in villa Borghese

Thanks

+393285814408 if you arrive late

Photoshop

 

 Before photoshop....                                                      After photoshop...

 To create this effect, I used three tools.


Burn tool: This is used when you want to darken a photo. Obviously, I used it a lot in my editing. You can change the size and the level of "darkness" you want depending on how light or dark you want the photo.

Dodge tool: This lightens whatever area you want in the photo. I used this a lot in the sky area and over certain buildings which got too dark.

Band aid tool: This takes a selected part of your photo and pastes it over another part. However, unlike copying and pasting, it makes a smoother edit. This tool was only used in the sky of my photo - taking parts from the right and pasting it on the left.


-Cam

Monday, October the 17th Class

Dear student,

I suggest to postpone the visit at Villa Borghese.

Tomorrow, Monday, the meeting point it will be at Largo dei Fiorentini at 14:15

Ultrafin Plus Developing Times

pizza

Tag

Carbon vs. Albuman

Carbon Print

A carbon print uses pigmented gelatin as opposed to silver/metallic particles or chromogenic dyes. This type of print was developed in the mid 19th century due to people's displeasure with silver based black and white prints that seemed to fade quickly. Scientist Alphonse Poitevin invented the process in 1855 and was later altered by Louis Arthur  Ducos du Haron so that it could also be used with color. Carbon prints are very high quality and resist this previously seen fading as well as other common deterioration. 

Albuman Print

Invented by Louis Desire Blanquart-Evrard in 1850, an Albuman print was the first commericially accepted way to print a photo from a negative. Albuman is found in egg whites and was used to bind the chemicals together on the paper and helped create clear, beautiful positives. Between the years of 1860 and 1890, Albuman prints were clearly the most popular form of photographic prints.

-Cam 

My Developed Pictures

-JAM

Carbon Prints and Albumen Prints

The carbon print started to get widely used in 1864. The process of carbon printing involves printing a negative onto a tissue containing carbon, previously made light sensitive in a bath of potassium bichromate.  A tissue is a support sheet coated with a layer of gelatin mixed with a pigment.  The next step is transfer the image onto paper, therefore stripping off the backing of the tissue. This hardens the gel to make the image permanent. The print contains pigmented gelatin, rather than of silver or other metallic particles. This process produces images of high quality, without fading or deterioration.

Albumen prints were invented in the 1850s. This process uses albumen, which is found in egg whites, to bind chemicals to the paper.  This process was one of the first ones to produce a photographic print on a paper base from a negative. The process includes covering a piece of paper with salt and egg whites.  The paper is then made light sensitive. The paper is then places in a frame right under the negative. The paper is then put in a bath of sodium thiosulfate to make the image permanent.

-JAM

Albumen & Carbon Print

An albumen print was developed in 1850 by Louis Desire Blanquart-Evrard. It was the first commercially exploitable method of producing a print on a paper base from a negative. It used the albumen found in egg whites to bind photographic chemical to the paper. First, the paper, which is usually 100% cotton, is coated with an emulsion of egg white and salt (sodium chloride or ammonium chloride), then dried. The albumen seals the paper and creates a slightly glossy surface for sensitizer to rest on. Then, the paper is dripped in silver nitrate and water, which renders the surface sensitive to UV light. After drying, the paper is placed in a frame in the direct contact under a negative. The paper and negative are exposed to light until the image achieves the desired level of darkness. Sodium thiosulfate is used to fix the print's exposure preventing further darkening. Optional gold or selenium toning improves the photograph's tone and stabilizing against fading. 

Carbon print, a photographic printing process that used lampblack (carbon black), was introduced in 1855 by Alphonse Poitevin. It was the popular printing method for the first half of the 20th century. A sheet of paper was coated with a layer of light-sensitive gelatin which contained a carbon permanent pigment. It was exposed to daylight under a negative. Originally, carbon tissue (a temporary support sheet coated with a layer of gelatin mix with a pigment) is bathed in a potassium dichromate sensitizing solution, dried then exposed to a strong ultraviolet light through photographic negative, hardening the gelatin in proportion to the amount of light reaching it. The tissue was developed with a warm water treatment, which dissolved the unharmed gelatin. The resulting pigment image is physically transferred to a final support surface. The process can produce high quality images and was adapted for color printing in 1868 by Louis Arthur Ducos du Hauron.

-HCM-

Week 5

My Developed Photos

-HCM-

Week 5

My Photos

                                                                       By: Memee